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Related Concept Videos

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins01:30

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins

Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...
Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents01:20

Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents

Hyperlipidemia, a medical condition often referred to as high cholesterol, is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of lipids in the bloodstream. When present in excess, these lipids, specifically cholesterol and triglycerides, can lead to serious health complications, often involving cardiovascular diseases. Illnesses like atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and pancreatitis have all been linked to untreated hyperlipidemia. This means controlling and regulating cholesterol and triglyceride...
Disorders of Hemostasis01:24

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Hemostasis, the process that stops bleeding after a blood vessel injury, is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system. However, disorders of hemostasis can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to either excessive clotting or bleeding. These disorders can be broadly classified into thromboembolic disorders and bleeding disorders.
Thromboembolic Disorders
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Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction01:30

Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction

Venous thrombosis, the most common disorder of the veins, involves the formation of a thrombus or blood clot associated with vein inflammation. It can be classified as either superficial vein thrombosis or deep vein thrombosis.Superficial Vein Thrombosis: This involves the formation of a thrombus in a superficial vein, usually the greater or lesser saphenous vein. Though less severe than deep vein thrombosis (DVT), SVT can lead to complications if untreated.Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): This...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:19

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2026

Differential Effects of Lipid-lowering Drugs in Modulating Morphology of Cholesterol Particles
09:15

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Published on: November 10, 2017

[Embolism due to cholesterol crystals]

J Pérez Villoria1, J M Ayuela Azcárate, M J López Pueyo

  • 1Sección de Cardiología, Hospital General Yagüe, Burgos.

Revista Espanola De Cardiologia
|March 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Cholesterol crystal embolization, a serious condition, was confirmed via skin biopsy and retinal examination. Despite potential for fatal outcomes, this patient experienced a favorable clinical course.

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Last Updated: Jul 20, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Cardiology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Cholesterol crystal embolization is a rare but serious complication often linked to cardiovascular procedures.
  • Risk factors include anticoagulation, coronary angiography, and stent implantation.

Observation:

  • A patient presented with clinical signs suggestive of cholesterol crystal embolization.
  • Histological examination of a skin biopsy revealed characteristic yellowish, refringent microemboli.
  • Ophthalmoscopic examination identified similar microemboli within retinal arterioles.

Findings:

  • The diagnosis of cholesterol crystal embolization was confirmed through histological and clinical evidence.
  • The patient had undergone coronary angiography with stent implantation and was on anticoagulation therapy.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering cholesterol crystal embolization in patients with relevant procedural history.
  • Early diagnosis and recognition are crucial, even though the condition can be severe.
  • Favorable outcomes are possible despite the typically grave prognosis of cholesterol crystal embolization.