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Silent HIV infection

F Aiuti1, F Ensoli, V Fiorelli

  • 1Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy.

Vaccine
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Some individuals remain antibody-negative for years after human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection. Prolonged seronegative status can be infectious, posing a risk for HIV transmission through body fluids.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • The window period between human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection and detectable antibody response can be prolonged, lasting years.
  • Seronegative infection poses a risk for viral transmission by individuals unaware of their HIV status.
  • The infectiousness of prolonged seronegative individuals, particularly through body fluids, remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the infectious potential of individuals with prolonged seronegative status for HIV-1.
  • To determine if HIV-1 can be detected and isolated from body fluids in seronegative individuals.
  • To explore mechanisms behind delayed antibody responses in HIV-1 infection.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of 65 high-risk individuals with prolonged seronegativity for HIV-1 antibodies.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect HIV-1 proviral DNA.
  • Virus isolation from mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes and cell-free plasma.

    • Main Results:

    • 18% (12/65) of individuals tested positive for HIV-1 proviral sequences via PCR.
    • HIV-1 was isolated from lymphocytes in 50% (5/10) of subjects with positive PCR results.
    • Virus was isolated from cell-free plasma in 2 subjects who remained seronegative during 10 months of follow-up.

    Conclusions:

    • Delayed seroconversion in HIV-1 infection can be associated with productive viral replication.
    • Mechanisms other than simple viral latency may explain the absence of antibody responses.
    • Prolonged seronegative individuals may transmit HIV infection through body fluids, highlighting transmission risks.