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Contraception during lactation

S Saarikoski1

  • 1University Hospital of Kuopio, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Finland.

Annals of Medicine
|April 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Breast-feeding offers effective contraception for up to six months postpartum if exclusive and accompanied by amenorrhea, with a low 2% pregnancy risk. Other safe contraceptive options during lactation include barrier and progestogen-only methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Maternal Health
  • Contraception

Background:

  • Breast-feeding is widely recognized for its health benefits to both mother and infant.
  • Its contraceptive potential, known as the lactational amenorrhea method (LAM), is significant but dependent on specific conditions.
  • Understanding the efficacy and limitations of breast-feeding as contraception is crucial for postpartum family planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the contraceptive efficacy of breast-feeding in the postpartum period.
  • To identify the conditions under which breast-feeding provides reliable contraception.
  • To review alternative contraceptive methods suitable for lactating women.

Main Methods:

  • The study reviews existing literature on breast-feeding and postpartum fertility.
Keywords:
BiologyBreast FeedingContraceptionContraceptive UsageFamily PlanningHealthInfant NutritionLactationMaternal PhysiologyNutritionPhysiologyPostpartum AmenorrheaPostpartum WomenPuerperiumReproduction

Related Experiment Videos

  • It analyzes the hormonal and physiological mechanisms underlying lactational amenorrhea.
  • It assesses the effectiveness of various contraceptive methods in the context of lactation.

    • Main Results:

    • Exclusive breast-feeding with amenorrhea offers a low pregnancy risk (approx. 2%) for up to six months postpartum.
    • Full breast-feeding does not inhibit ovarian function beyond six months.
    • Barrier methods and progestogen-only contraceptives are safe and effective alternatives for lactating women.
    • Combined oral contraceptives are not recommended due to potential negative effects on milk production.

    Conclusions:

    • Breast-feeding serves as an effective, natural contraceptive method in the early postpartum period under specific conditions.
    • For extended or alternative contraception during lactation, progestogen-only methods and barrier methods are recommended.
    • Sterilization and intrauterine devices (IUDs) are also options, with IUD insertion requiring specialized care postpartum.