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Episodic central neurogenic hyperventilation in an awake child with systemic histiocytosis

G J Hool1, H M Marsh, R V Groover

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.

Insights

Systemic histiocytosis can cause central neurogenic hyperventilation, a rare breathing disorder. This complication, observed after radiation therapy, resolved spontaneously in a young patient.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Neurology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Systemic histiocytosis is a rare disorder involving abnormal proliferation of histiocytes.
  • Diabetes insipidus and bone lesions are known manifestations.
  • Central neurogenic hyperventilation is a rare respiratory abnormality.

Observation:

  • A 3-year-old boy with systemic histiocytosis, diabetes insipidus, and a parietal bone lesion presented with central neurogenic hyperventilation.
  • Symptoms appeared 3 weeks post-radiation therapy to the head.
  • The patient was conscious and alert, with significant respiratory alkalosis (PaCO2 8 mmHg, pH 7.65).

Findings:

  • Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a pontomedullary lesion.
  • The lesion resolved within a year.
  • Central neurogenic hyperventilation was not previously described as a complication of systemic histiocytosis.

Implications:

  • This case highlights a novel potential complication of systemic histiocytosis and its treatment.
  • It underscores the importance of considering neurogenic causes for respiratory abnormalities in affected children.
  • The spontaneous resolution suggests potential for recovery with appropriate monitoring.

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