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Related Concept Videos

Unrenewable Cells00:50

Unrenewable Cells

In humans, the photoreceptor cells of the eye and sensory hair cells of the ear lack stem cells. These cells are thus unrenewable and cannot be replaced when they are damaged or destroyed.
Photoreceptors
The retina is composed of several layers and contains specialized cells called photoreceptors. The photoreceptors (rods and cones) change their membrane potential when stimulated by light energy. There are two types of photoreceptors—rods and cones—which differ in the shape of their outer...
Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever01:26

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 27, 2026

Surgical Method for Virally Mediated Gene Delivery to the Mouse Inner Ear through the Round Window Membrane
07:32

Surgical Method for Virally Mediated Gene Delivery to the Mouse Inner Ear through the Round Window Membrane

Published on: March 16, 2015

Congenital rubella deafness: a preventable disease

C S Peckham, J A Martin, W C Marshall

    Lancet (London, England)
    |February 3, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary

    Congenital rubella is a significant cause of sensorineural deafness in young children. Increased rubella vaccination is crucial to prevent this serious defect.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatrics
    • Otolaryngology
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • Congenital rubella infection can lead to severe developmental issues, including sensorineural deafness.
    • Early identification and intervention are critical for children with hearing impairments.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the prevalence of rubella antibody in children under 4 with sensorineural deafness.
    • To identify risk factors associated with rubella-induced deafness in young children.

    Main Methods:

    • An unselected cohort of 568 children under 4 years old was studied between 1972-1975.
    • Rubella antibody testing was performed on children attending the Nuffield Hearing and Speech Centre.
    • Children were categorized based on the presence or absence of sensorineural deafness.

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    Neonatal Murine Cochlear Explant Technique as an In Vitro Screening Tool in Hearing Research
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    Published on: June 8, 2017

    Intrathecal Application of a Fluorescent Dye for the Identification of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Cochlear Malformation
    06:59

    Intrathecal Application of a Fluorescent Dye for the Identification of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Cochlear Malformation

    Published on: February 29, 2020

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    Last Updated: Jul 27, 2026

    Surgical Method for Virally Mediated Gene Delivery to the Mouse Inner Ear through the Round Window Membrane
    07:32

    Surgical Method for Virally Mediated Gene Delivery to the Mouse Inner Ear through the Round Window Membrane

    Published on: March 16, 2015

    Neonatal Murine Cochlear Explant Technique as an In Vitro Screening Tool in Hearing Research
    08:30

    Neonatal Murine Cochlear Explant Technique as an In Vitro Screening Tool in Hearing Research

    Published on: June 8, 2017

    Intrathecal Application of a Fluorescent Dye for the Identification of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Cochlear Malformation
    06:59

    Intrathecal Application of a Fluorescent Dye for the Identification of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Cochlear Malformation

    Published on: February 29, 2020

    Main Results:

    • Sensorineural deafness was diagnosed in 349 children; 24% had rubella antibody.
    • Only 9% of children without deafness had rubella antibody.
    • Significant differences in family history, maternal rubella, perinatal events, and other defects were observed between seropositive and seronegative deaf children.

    Conclusions:

    • Congenital rubella is a notable cause of sensorineural deafness in children.
    • Vigorous pursuit of rubella vaccination programs is essential for future defect prevention.