Enhanced synthesis and accumulation of collagen in cholesterol-aggravated pigeon atherosclerosis

Atherosclerotic segments of pigeon aorta synthesized collagen at four times the rate found in normal aorta (Athero = 2071 +/- 1339 ng/g/h; Control = 497 +/- 192 ng/g/h; P less than 0.025). Similar results were obtained when synthesis was expressed per mg DNA. Elevation in collagen synthesis was relatively specific, collagen accounting for 4% of total protein synthesis in lesion-free aorta and 11.5% in atherosclerotic aorta. Substantial increases in total collagen were observed in atherosclerotic aortas (Athero = 9.9 +/- 3.1 mg/aorta; Control = 6.0 +/- 1.3 mg/aorta; P less than 0.05). Ultrastructural studies revealed the accumulation of large amounts of dense fibrillar collagen in the sub-endothelial region of the plaque. Plaque cells contained multiple vacuoles, an extensive rought endoplasmic reticulum and many mitochondria, suggesting active protein synthesis. It is concluded that increased collagen biosynthesis and deposition is an important metabolic derangement in lipid-rich atherosclerotic lesions whihc promotes their gradual conversion to fibrous plaques.