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Congenital tuberculosis

A L Foo¹, K K Tan, O M Chay

¹Department of Paediatrics, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.

Tubercle and Lung Disease : the Official Journal of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease

|February 1, 1993

Summary

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Congenital tuberculosis is a rare but severe condition. This case highlights a neonate with liver failure due to tuberculosis acquired in utero, emphasizing diagnostic challenges.

Area of Science:

Neonatal Medicine
Infectious Diseases
Pathology

Background:

Congenital tuberculosis is a rare infection transmitted from mother to fetus.
Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for infant survival.
Clinical presentation can be nonspecific, posing diagnostic challenges.

Observation:

A neonate presented with poor feeding, jaundice, and hepatosplenomegaly.
The infant exhibited signs of liver failure and disseminated coagulopathy.
Maternal history revealed active tuberculosis at the time of delivery.

Findings:

Post-mortem liver biopsy showed granulomas with central necrosis.
Acid-fast bacilli were identified on Ziehl-Nielsen's stain of the liver biopsy.
These findings confirmed disseminated tuberculosis in the neonate.

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Implications:

This case underscores the importance of considering congenital tuberculosis in neonates with unexplained liver failure and sepsis-like symptoms.
Highlights the need for prompt maternal tuberculosis screening and management.
Reinforces the diagnostic utility of liver biopsy in suspected congenital tuberculosis.