[Acute poisoning--a brief review]

Poisonings are frequently encountered in hospital emergency departments. Approximately 80% of poisonings occur by ingestion of toxic substances. The basic approach to the poisoned patient includes initial stabilization to correct immediate life-threatening problems, treatment to reduce absorption, measures to improve elimination of the toxin and the use of specific antidotes. Traditional gastric lavage is indicated today in severely intoxicated patients if they present within the first few hours of ingestion. Administration of activated charcoal is recommended in most cases of poisoning. It should be administered early, in an adequate dose and repeatedly if necessary.