Pelvic actinomycosis in association with an intrauterine device

A case of pelvic actinomycosis is described which occurred in association with the use of an intrauterine device (IUD). Initially medical management alone was used, but surgical intervention was necessitated for multiple pelvic abscesses. We would strongly recommend that any IUD be removed should it be associated with actinomyces on genital smears and/or culture. If sepsis is also apparent, IUD removal with use of long-term antibiotics is required.