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Lithium: modification of behavioral activity and brain biogenic amines in developing hyperthyroid rats

R B Rastoge, R L Singhal

    The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
    |April 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary

    Lithium carbonate, an antimanic drug, reduced hyperactivity in hyperthyroid rats by decreasing brain dopamine and norepinephrine synthesis. These effects differ from those observed in normal rats, indicating a unique impact on the hyperthyroid brain.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuropharmacology
    • Endocrinology
    • Behavioral Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Neonatal hyperthyroidism, induced by 1-triiodothyronine, increases locomotor activity and alters brain monoamine levels.
    • Lithium carbonate is a mood-stabilizing drug used to treat bipolar disorder.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of lithium carbonate on locomotor activity and brain monoamine metabolism in neonatal rats with experimentally induced hyperthyroidism.
    • To compare the neurochemical effects of lithium in hyperthyroid rats versus normal rats.

    Main Methods:

    • Neonatal rats were treated daily with 1-triiodothyronine for 30 days to induce hyperthyroidism.
    • Lithium carbonate was administered to both hyperthyroid and normal rats.
    • Locomotor activity, brain monoamine levels (norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin), and enzyme activities (tyrosine hydroxylase, monoamine oxidase, catechol o-methyltransferase) were measured.

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    Main Results:

    • Lithium carbonate significantly reduced the increased locomotor activity in hyperthyroid rats.
    • In hyperthyroid rats, lithium decreased dopamine synthesis and turnover, while increasing norepinephrine levels in several brain regions.
    • Lithium's effects on monoamine metabolism in hyperthyroid rats differed from its effects in normal rats, which included increased tryptophan and serotonin levels but altered catecholamine deamination.

    Conclusions:

    • The suppressed behavioral activity in lithium-treated hyperthyroid rats may be linked to reduced synthesis of norepinephrine and dopamine.
    • Lithium exerts distinct neurochemical effects on the developing hyperthyroid brain compared to the normal brain.