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Fat intake and immune response

D S Kelley1, P A Daudu

  • 1U.S. Department of Agriculture, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Presidio of San Francisco, CA 94129.

Progress in Food & Nutrition Science
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
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Dietary fat intake significantly impacts immune cells like lymphocytes and neutrophils. While increased fat can suppress immunity, specific polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) show varied effects across species and immune measures.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Nutrition Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Dietary fat composition influences immune cell function.
  • Immune responses involving lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils are sensitive to fat intake.
  • Previous studies show varied effects of fat on immunity in humans and animals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of varying fat intake on immune responses.
  • To explore the differential effects of N-6 and N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on immunity.
  • To determine the critical factors (absolute amounts vs. ratios) influencing fatty acids' immunomodulatory effects.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing human and animal model studies on dietary fat and immune response.
  • Analysis of immune response indices in relation to different types and amounts of fat intake.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Examination of effects of N-6 PUFA and N-3 PUFA on immune parameters.

    • Main Results:

    • Increased overall fat intake generally inhibited immune responses in humans and animals.
    • N-6 PUFA lowered immune response in animal models, but moderate human consumption showed no adverse effects.
    • N-3 PUFA inhibited immune responses in humans, while animal studies showed both inhibition and stimulation.

    Conclusions:

    • Dietary fat manipulation affects immune cell function, with varying outcomes based on fat type and species.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the role of absolute fatty acid amounts versus ratios in immunomodulation.
    • Fat intake modification holds potential for managing immune system disorders.