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Nasal IgA response in wheezy infants

I M Balfour-Lynn1, B Valman, M Silverman

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, Northwick Park Hospital and Clinical Research Centre, Harrow, Middlesex.

Archives of Disease in Childhood
|April 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Wheezy infants have a normal nasal secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) response during respiratory infections. Increased total IgA during infection is due to plasma exudation, not higher secretory IgA production.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pediatrics
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Wheezing in infants during upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) is common, but the underlying immunological mechanisms remain unclear.
  • Secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) is crucial for mucosal defense against viral infections, and its potential deficiency in wheezy infants was hypothesized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nasal IgA response in infants experiencing wheezing during URTIs.
  • To compare the nasal IgA response of wheezy infants with that of their siblings exhibiting only nasal symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Nasal lavage was performed on 32 wheezy infants and 9 sibling controls during URTIs and upon recovery.
  • Inulin was used as a dilution marker to accurately determine absolute concentrations of IgA in nasal secretions.
  • Total IgA, secretory IgA, and total protein levels were measured and compared between the groups and conditions.

Main Results:

  • Both wheezy infants and controls showed similar increases in total IgA and total protein levels during infection.
  • Concentrations of secretory IgA remained unchanged in both groups during infection.
  • The observed rise in total nasal IgA during early infection was attributed to plasma exudation.

Conclusions:

  • Wheezy infants demonstrate a normal nasal IgA response to URTIs.
  • The increase in total nasal IgA during infection is primarily a result of plasma exudation, not enhanced secretory IgA production.
  • This finding suggests that secretory IgA deficiency is unlikely to be the cause of wheezing in infants during URTIs.

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