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Attempted suicide, suicidal intent, and alcohol

A S Nielsen1, E Stenager, U B Brahe

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Odense University Hospital, Denmark.

Crisis
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
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Suicidal intent varies by method, with alcohol dependence complicating the assessment of suicide risk. Lethality alone is an incomplete guide to intent in suicide attempts.

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Addiction Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Assessing suicidal intent is crucial for suicide prevention.
  • Understanding the interplay between method, intent, and alcohol is vital for risk stratification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between suicidal intent, suicide method, and medical lethality.
  • To investigate the impact of alcohol ingestion on these factors.

Main Methods:

  • Interviews with 139 suicidal patients admitted to Odense University Hospital Psychiatry Department.
  • Utilized the Suicidal Intent Scale to quantify patient intent.
  • Analyzed correlations between method, intent, lethality, and alcohol dependence.

Main Results:

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  • Wrist-cutting correlated with lower suicidal intent; other self-harm methods correlated with higher intent.
  • Alcohol ingestion did not affect method or agent choice in self-poisoning.
  • Correlation between intent and lethality was observed only in non-alcohol-dependent patients.
  • Alcohol-dependent patients with highly lethal attempts showed lower scores on the Suicidal Intent Scale.

Conclusions:

  • Suicide method lethality is an imperfect indicator of suicidal intent.
  • Alcohol-dependent individuals may attempt highly lethal suicides without strong expressed intent, posing a significant risk.
  • Clinical assessment must consider alcohol use when evaluating suicide risk and intent.