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Sexual dimorphism in normal craniofacial growth

W J Ursi1, C A Trotman, J A McNamara

  • 1Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1078.

The Angle Orthodontist
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals sexual dimorphism in facial growth, with males showing larger anterior cranial bases and continued mandibular growth after age 14. Females exhibit a more horizontal facial growth pattern.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics
  • Craniofacial Biology
  • Human Growth and Development

Background:

  • Understanding craniofacial development is crucial for diagnosing and treating malocclusions.
  • Sexual dimorphism in facial skeletal and dental relationships is not fully elucidated during adolescent growth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the emergence of sexual dimorphism in skeletal and dental relationships.
  • To re-evaluate cephalometric data from individuals with excellent occlusions and balanced facial proportions.

Main Methods:

  • Serial lateral cephalograms of 51 Caucasian individuals (16 males, 16 females per age) from the Bolton-Brush Study.
  • Data collected at ages 6, 9, 12, 14, 16, and 18 years.
  • Cephalometric analysis of cranial base, maxilla, and mandible dimensions and growth direction.

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Main Results:

  • Males had a larger anterior cranial base length; cranial base angle was similar between sexes.
  • Maxillary and mandibular lengths were comparable until age 14, after which males showed increased length.
  • Facial growth direction was similar, with females tending towards a more horizontal pattern.

Conclusions:

  • Significant sexual dimorphism emerges in craniofacial growth during late adolescence.
  • Differences in anterior cranial base and mandibular growth contribute to sex-based variations in facial structure.
  • Growth patterns suggest distinct developmental trajectories for males and females.