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Sexual dimorphism in normal craniofacial growth
W J Ursi1, C A Trotman, J A McNamara
1Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1078.
The Angle Orthodontist
|January 1, 1993
Summary
This study reveals sexual dimorphism in facial growth, with males showing larger anterior cranial bases and continued mandibular growth after age 14. Females exhibit a more horizontal facial growth pattern.
Area of Science:
- Orthodontics
- Craniofacial Biology
- Human Growth and Development
Background:
- Understanding craniofacial development is crucial for diagnosing and treating malocclusions.
- Sexual dimorphism in facial skeletal and dental relationships is not fully elucidated during adolescent growth.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the emergence of sexual dimorphism in skeletal and dental relationships.
- To re-evaluate cephalometric data from individuals with excellent occlusions and balanced facial proportions.
Main Methods:
- Serial lateral cephalograms of 51 Caucasian individuals (16 males, 16 females per age) from the Bolton-Brush Study.
- Data collected at ages 6, 9, 12, 14, 16, and 18 years.
- Cephalometric analysis of cranial base, maxilla, and mandible dimensions and growth direction.
Main Results:
- Males had a larger anterior cranial base length; cranial base angle was similar between sexes.
- Maxillary and mandibular lengths were comparable until age 14, after which males showed increased length.
- Facial growth direction was similar, with females tending towards a more horizontal pattern.
Conclusions:
- Significant sexual dimorphism emerges in craniofacial growth during late adolescence.
- Differences in anterior cranial base and mandibular growth contribute to sex-based variations in facial structure.
- Growth patterns suggest distinct developmental trajectories for males and females.