[Gingival "thickening" in malformation syndromes. I]

Area of Science:

• Oral pathology
• Genetics
• Syndromology

Context:

• Generalized gingival enlargement presents a complex etiology with multiple contributing factors.
• Conditions range from physiological states like pregnancy to drug-induced effects and systemic diseases.
• Gingival enlargement can manifest as hypertrophy or fibromatosis, sometimes as part of broader genetic syndromes.

Purpose:

• To systematically review and categorize malformation syndromes associated with gingival hypertrophy.
• To compile a comprehensive list of syndromes linked to gingival fibromatosis.
• To provide a reference for clinicians and researchers investigating the genetic basis of gingival enlargement.

Summary:

• The etiology of generalized gingival enlargement is highly heterogeneous, encompassing factors such as pregnancy, medications, systemic diseases, poor oral hygiene, and nutritional deficiencies.
• Gingival enlargement can also be a feature of various malformation syndromes.
• This paper specifically lists and discusses malformation syndromes presenting with either gingival hypertrophy or gingival fibromatosis.

Impact:

• Enhances understanding of the diverse origins of gingival enlargement.
• Facilitates differential diagnosis by linking specific syndromes to distinct gingival phenotypes.
• Provides a valuable resource for genetic counseling and management strategies in affected individuals.