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Cognitive function in the affective disorders: a prospective study

A Bulbena1, G E Berrios

  • 1Universidad del Pais Vasco, España.

Psychopathology
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
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Major depression and mania can cause temporary cognitive and neurological issues, independent of medication. These symptoms typically resolve or improve significantly upon follow-up, indicating a reversible impact.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Major depressive disorder and mania are associated with cognitive deficits.
  • The presence of neurological signs in affective disorders requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of major depression and mania on cognitive functions and neurological signs.
  • To determine the reversibility of these impairments and associated factors.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, controlled study involving 50 subjects.
  • Assessment of attention, memory, visuo-spatial function, and reaction time.
  • Evaluation of neurological signs including glabellar tap, hand-face test, nuchocephalic reflex, and graphesthesia.

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Main Results:

  • Temporary cognitive deficits and specific neurological signs were observed in patients with depression or mania.
  • These phenomena were reversible, with significant improvement or disappearance at follow-up.
  • Age and age of onset influenced cognitive impairment severity; delusions predicted poorer visuo-spatial function.

Conclusions:

  • Major depression and mania can induce reversible cognitive and neurological disturbances.
  • A subset of patients exhibited 'organic' affective disorder with less severe depressive symptoms and poorer follow-up outcomes.
  • Cognitive impairment and soft neurological signs in affective disorders warrant clinical attention.