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Body elemental composition: comparison between black and white adults

S H Cohn, C Abesamis, I Zanzi

    The American Journal of Physiology
    |April 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary

    Black populations exhibit higher total-body calcium and potassium levels compared to white populations, necessitating race-specific body composition reference standards for accurate health assessments.

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    Area of Science:

    • Human Physiology
    • Biochemistry
    • Anthropology

    Background:

    • Age-related changes in body composition are critical for understanding human health.
    • Existing reference standards for body composition may not be universally applicable across different racial groups.
    • Previous studies have established baseline data for white populations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate age-related changes in body chemical composition in a normal black population.
    • To compare these findings with data from a normal white population.
    • To determine the need for race-specific reference standards for body composition.

    Main Methods:

    • In vivo neutron activation was used to measure total-body calcium, phosphorus, sodium, and chlorine.
    • Whole-body counting of 40K was employed to assess lean body mass (total-body potassium).

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  • Data from a black population (30-80 years) were compared to a previously studied white population.

    • Main Results:

    • Black men and women showed significantly higher levels of total-body calcium, phosphorus, sodium, chlorine, and potassium than age- and sex-matched white individuals.
    • Even after normalization for weight and height, total-body calcium and potassium remained significantly higher in the black population.
    • No significant differences in height were observed between the two racial groups.

    Conclusions:

    • Significant differences in body chemical composition exist between black and white populations.
    • Current reference standards for skeletal and muscle mass, as well as sodium and chlorine, may not accurately represent black individuals.
    • The establishment of race-specific reference standards for body composition in black populations is clearly needed.