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Blood Transfusion and Agglutination02:45

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination

Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
History
The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...
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Hepatitis01:25

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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
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Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
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Technique of Porcine Liver Procurement and Orthotopic Transplantation using an Active Porto-Caval Shunt
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Non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis. Looking back in the second decade

R L Koretz1, H Abbey, E Coleman

  • 1Center for Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles.

Annals of Internal Medicine
|July 15, 1993
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Long-term follow-up of non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis reveals that while most patients remain asymptomatic, hepatic failure can occur after 10 years. Early symptoms are common, but severe outcomes are rare within this timeframe.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Transfusion Medicine

Background:

  • Non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis was a significant concern before the identification of hepatitis C virus.
  • Understanding its long-term sequelae is crucial for managing patients infected in the pre-screening era.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the long-term clinical course and outcomes of non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis.
  • To assess the incidence of hepatic failure and cirrhosis in this patient cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective follow-up of patients diagnosed with non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis between 1972 and 1980.
  • Evaluation included clinical assessment for liver failure symptoms and biochemical markers.
  • Life-table analysis was used to determine probabilities of developing cirrhosis.

Main Results:

  • Of 90 identified patients, 80 were re-evaluated years later.
  • While 40% experienced early symptoms, most did not develop significant long-term hepatic inflammation.
  • Eight patients (seven with chronic hepatitis) developed hepatic failure, and cirrhosis probabilities ranged from 17-21% after 16 years.

Conclusions:

  • Non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis often presents as a subclinical biochemical and histologic disease.
  • Hepatic failure is a late complication, typically occurring over 10 years after infection.
  • Mortality from other causes can precede the development of severe liver disease in some infected individuals.