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Fearful and non-fearful panic attacks in a student population

K G Wilson1, L S Sandler, G J Asmundson

  • 1Department of Psychology, Rehabilitation Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Behaviour Research and Therapy
|May 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Non-fearful panic attacks were studied in university students. Experiencing fear during panic attacks is linked to avoidance, substance use, depression, and psychopathology, suggesting fear

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Psychopathology

Background:

  • Panic attacks are often associated with intense fear, but non-fearful panic experiences also occur.
  • Understanding the characteristics and implications of non-fearful panic is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of panic phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phenomenon of non-fearful panic attacks.
  • To compare the characteristics of panic attacks with varying levels of fear (No Fear, Low Fear, High Fear).
  • To explore the relationship between fear experienced during panic attacks and associated behaviors and psychopathology.

Main Methods:

  • A sample of 83 university students with histories of unexpected panic attacks was recruited.
  • Participants were categorized into 'No Fear', 'Low Fear', and 'High Fear' groups based on panic symptom severity ratings.

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  • Demographic data, age of onset, panic frequency, symptom severity, avoidance behaviors, coping mechanisms (alcohol/drug use), depression, and global psychopathology were assessed.

    • Main Results:

    • Groups did not differ in age of onset, panic frequency, or severity of non-fear symptoms.
    • Participants reporting fear during panic attacks were more prone to avoidance behaviors and substance use for coping.
    • Only the 'High Fear' group exhibited significant elevations in depression and global psychopathology.

    Conclusions:

    • The experience of fear during panic attacks appears to be a significant factor in the progression from non-clinical panic to panic disorder.
    • The intensity of fear experienced during panic attacks correlates with the likelihood of developing avoidance behaviors, substance use, and broader psychopathology.
    • These findings highlight the clinical importance of assessing the presence and intensity of fear in individuals experiencing panic attacks.