Characterization of the human interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain gene

The interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor gamma chain is an essential component of high and intermediate affinity IL-2 receptors (IL-2Rs), playing critical roles for ligand binding and internalization. We report here the isolation and characterization of the genomic locus for human IL-2R gamma, which, like IL-2R beta, is a member of the cytokine receptor superfamily. The IL-2R gamma gene is composed of eight exons and seven introns and spans approximately 4.2 kilobases. Analogous to the IL-2R beta gene, the two pairs of conserved cysteines typical of cytokine receptor superfamily proteins are located in adjacent exons, and the conserved WSXWS motif is located in the exon preceding the one that encodes the transmembrane domain and a small part of the cytoplasmic domain. In each gene, the remainder of the cytoplasmic domain is encoded by the final two exons. Southern blot analysis suggests that IL-2R gamma is encoded by a single copy gene. Cross-hybridizing sequences were detected in DNA derived from a number of other mammalian species but not from yeast. Primer extension analysis and ribonuclease protection assays revealed that there are three principal transcription initiation sites located 32-38 nucleotides 5' to the translation initiation AUG codon. These sites are upstream of the 5' end of the published IL-2R gamma cDNA sequence. The region 5' to the transcription initiation sites exhibited promoter activity when cloned upstream of the luciferase reporter gene. With this study, the organization of the genes encoding all three chains (alpha, beta, and gamma) of the IL-2 receptor has been determined and promoters for each identified.