Association of malignancy and Langerhans' cell histiocytosis: report of three cases

Among 44 children with Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH) seen at the Pediatric Department of the A.C. Camargo Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil, three developed malignancy, two before and one after the diagnosis of LCH. Malignancy could be attributed to treatment in one of the three children. Whether the cancer in the other two children represents a chance association of the two processes or is treatment-related, is unknown.