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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Metabolism01:30

Introduction to Metabolism

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Metabolism encompasses all biochemical reactions in a living organism, facilitating both the breakdown and synthesis of biomolecules. These metabolic processes are categorized into catabolic and anabolic pathways, which operate in a coordinated manner to ensure energy balance and cellular function.Catabolic Pathways and Energy ReleaseCatabolic pathways involve the breakdown of complex macromolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins into smaller structures like monosaccharides, fatty...
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The human body is a powerhouse of energy, with every cell performing numerous functions that require energy. This energy production and consumption is measured by the metabolic rate, which quantifies the total heat generated by all the body's chemical reactions and mechanical work. This measurement helps to determine the rate of kilocalorie (kcal) consumption needed to fuel all ongoing activities.
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Overview of Metabolism01:40

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Living cells constantly carry out various chemical reactions which are necessary for their proper functioning. These reactions are interlinked to one another via multiple pathways. The collection of these chemical reactions is known as metabolism.
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Regulation of Metabolism01:19

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Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
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After a large-single-celled zygote is produced via fertilization, the process of cleavage occurs while zygotes travel through the uterine tube. Cleavage is a mitotic cell division that does not result in growth. With each round of successive cell division, daughter cells get increasingly smaller.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Ex Utero Culture of Mouse Embryos from Pregastrulation to Advanced Organogenesis
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Ex Utero Culture of Mouse Embryos from Pregastrulation to Advanced Organogenesis

Published on: October 19, 2021

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Early human embryo metabolism

H J Leese1, J Conaghan, K L Martin

  • 1Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, UK.

Bioessays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology
|April 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human embryo metabolism shifts from pyruvate to glucose during development, with protein potentially serving as an energy source. This research aids in improving assisted conception and diagnosing genetic defects.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Human preimplantation embryo culture media routinely include pyruvate.
  • Understanding energy substrate utilization is crucial for early human development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the energy metabolism of single human preimplantation embryos using non-invasive methods.
  • To elucidate the roles of pyruvate, glucose, and protein in early human embryo development.

Main Methods:

  • Non-invasive microanalytical techniques were employed.
  • Measurement of substrate consumption (pyruvate, glucose) and metabolite production (lactate) in incubation media.

Main Results:

  • Pyruvate is consumed throughout the preimplantation period.
  • Glucose utilization increases during compaction and blastocyst formation, with lactate production accounting for consumed glucose, suggesting aerobic glycolysis.
  • Protein is a likely endogenous energy substrate.

Conclusions:

  • Early human embryo metabolism is dynamic and substrate-dependent.
  • Findings have implications for improving in vitro fertilization (IVF) techniques, embryo selection, and diagnosing preimplantation genetic defects.
  • Understanding embryo metabolism can inform research on implantation failure, miscarriage, and novel contraceptive development.