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Vertically transmitted HIV infection in the British Isles
A E Ades1, C F Davison, F J Holland
1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, London.
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)
|May 15, 1993
Summary
The incidence of vertically transmitted human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is rising in England and Wales. Increased antenatal testing can prevent transmission by advising HIV-positive mothers against breastfeeding.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Vertical transmission of HIV remains a significant public health concern.
- Understanding the epidemiology of pediatric HIV is crucial for intervention strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the epidemiology of vertically acquired HIV in the British Isles.
- To assess underreporting, transmission rates, and clinical outcomes of pediatric AIDS.
- To identify trends and risk factors for vertical HIV transmission.
Main Methods:
- Utilized confidential, linked registers from obstetricians and pediatricians.
- Incorporated anonymous unlinked neonatal HIV serosurveys.
- Analyzed data from children born to mothers with HIV infection in the British Isles.
Main Results:
- HIV incidence is increasing in England and Wales, with a significant proportion of maternal infections acquired overseas.
- Vertical transmission rate was 13.7%; 23% of infected children developed AIDS within the first year.
- Breastfeeding rates were higher in infants born to mothers identified after delivery (41%) compared to those identified before delivery (5%).
Conclusions:
- The rising incidence of vertically transmitted HIV in England and Wales necessitates enhanced prevention strategies.
- Widespread antenatal HIV testing can facilitate counseling against breastfeeding, thereby reducing transmission.
- Early diagnosis and treatment of vertically infected children can be improved through comprehensive antenatal screening.