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Forces generated in guide-wires when drilling human bone

I Shuaib1, M Hillery

  • 1Regional Orthopaedic Hospital, Limerick, Ireland.

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H, Journal of Engineering in Medicine
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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This study compared guide-wire geometries for drilling human bone in orthopaedic surgery. A two-faceted point showed potential, and optimal drilling speeds were identified for bone repair procedures.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopaedic Surgery
  • Biomechanical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Guide-wires are crucial in orthopaedic surgery for creating pilot holes in bone during fracture repair.
  • Standard guide-wires (1.5-2.5 mm diameter) feature three-faceted points, with or without screw threads.
  • Research into bone drilling mechanics is essential for improving surgical techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the drilling performance of standard guide-wires against a novel two-faceted geometry.
  • To analyze the influence of guide-wire design and drilling parameters on torque and thrust forces.
  • To determine optimal drilling parameters for human bone.

Main Methods:

  • Drilling tests were conducted on human femur heads obtained from hip arthroplasty.

Related Experiment Videos

  • A variable speed drilling machine and a sensitive drilling dynamometer were employed.
  • Torque and thrust forces were measured during experimental drilling with different guide-wire types.

    • Main Results:

    • Threaded-point guide-wires offered minimal advantage and could be disadvantageous compared to non-threaded types.
    • Thrust cutting force was significantly dependent on spindle speed and feed rate.
    • An optimal spindle speed range of 800-1400 r/min was recommended for 2.5 mm guide-wires.

    Conclusions:

    • Guide-wire design, particularly the point geometry, impacts drilling efficiency in orthopaedic surgery.
    • Optimizing spindle speed and feed is critical for managing cutting forces during bone drilling.
    • The findings provide valuable data for the development of improved surgical guide-wires and techniques.