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[Acyclovir nephrotoxicity]

J M Briso-Montiano1, E Hernández, E Escudero

  • 1Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Clínico-Universitario, Valladolid.

Anales De Medicina Interna (Madrid, Spain : 1984)
|October 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Acyclovir, used for Herpes zoster, can cause acute kidney injury in older adults. Careful patient monitoring and hydration are crucial to prevent this serious side effect.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Virology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Herpes zoster (shingles) infection can affect cranial nerves, including the trigeminal nerve.
  • Acyclovir is a common antiviral medication used to treat herpes zoster infections.
  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a potential adverse effect of certain medications.

Observation:

  • A seventy-six-year-old male with trigeminal nerve Herpes zoster developed acute renal failure.
  • The patient had no prior history of kidney disease (nephropathology).
  • Acute renal failure occurred after receiving an intravenous Acyclovir bolus.

Findings:

  • The case highlights a potential link between intravenous Acyclovir administration and acute kidney injury in elderly patients.
  • Literature review suggests potential pathogenic mechanisms for Acyclovir-induced nephrotoxicity.
  • Risk factors and preventive strategies for Acyclovir nephrotoxicity were discussed.

Implications:

  • Clinicians should exercise caution when prescribing intravenous Acyclovir, particularly in elderly patients or those with risk factors for kidney disease.
  • Maintaining adequate hydration and considering dose adjustments may mitigate the risk of nephrotoxicity.
  • Further research into Acyclovir nephrotoxicity mechanisms and prevention is warranted.

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