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New approaches to the prevention of atherosclerosis
1Department of Geriatrics, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Japan.
Abstract:
In recent years, remarkable progress has been made in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. However, much of the research has been devoted to the investigation of lipid metabolism and lipid-lowering drugs. This review highlights some recent topics in both experimental and clinical investigations, with emphasis on studies other than those on lipid-lowering drugs. These topics include oxidative modification of lipoproteins, hyperfibrinogenaemia, hyperhomocysteinaemia, female sex hormones and endothelium-derived relaxing factor (or nitric oxide). Some of these approaches have already been applied in the clinic.
Insights
This review explores atherosclerosis prevention beyond lipid-lowering drugs, focusing on oxidative stress, high fibrinogen, homocysteine, hormones, and nitric oxide. These factors offer new therapeutic avenues for atherosclerosis.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Research
- Atherosclerosis Pathogenesis
Background:
- Significant advancements in atherosclerosis prevention and treatment exist.
- Research has predominantly focused on lipid metabolism and associated drugs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent experimental and clinical investigations on atherosclerosis.
- To emphasize research areas beyond lipid-lowering therapies.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of experimental and clinical studies.
- Focus on non-lipid-lowering drug interventions.
Main Results:
- Oxidative modification of lipoproteins is a key factor.
- Hyperfibrinogenemia and hyperhomocysteinemia contribute to atherosclerosis.
- Female sex hormones and nitric oxide (endothelium-derived relaxing factor) play significant roles.
Conclusions:
- Emerging research identifies novel targets for atherosclerosis management.
- Several of these alternative approaches are nearing or in clinical application.