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Risk factors and angiographic profile of coronary artery disease in young
P K Biswas1, A Dasbiswas, S Roy
1Department of Cardiology, IPGME & R and SSKM Hospital, Calcutta.
Insights
Young adults with ischemic heart disease face major risks from smoking and hyperlipidemia. Early detection and management of these factors are crucial for preventing severe coronary artery disease progression.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Vascular Medicine
- Preventive Cardiology
Background:
- Ischemic heart disease (IHD) in individuals under 40 is increasingly recognized.
- Understanding risk factors in this demographic is vital for early intervention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence and impact of coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors in young patients (<40 years).
- To correlate specific lipid profiles and angiographic findings in this patient cohort.
Main Methods:
- Prospective study of 124 IHD patients (<40 years) including myocardial infarction and angina cases.
- Utilized electrocardiogram, treadmill testing, lipid profiles, and coronary arteriography for all participants.
- Analyzed smoking habits and detailed lipid profiles, including lipoprotein ratios and atherogenicity indices.
Main Results:
- Smoking (56.4%) and hyperlipidemia (30.6%) were identified as primary risk factors.
- Hypercholesterolemia's predictive value was enhanced by considering lipoprotein ratios.
- Single-vessel disease was prevalent (48.4%), with left anterior descending artery involvement most common (71.8%).
- Elevated low-density lipoprotein levels correlated with multivessel coronary artery disease.
Conclusions:
- Smoking and hyperlipidemia are significant CAD risk factors in young IHD patients.
- Comprehensive lipid analysis improves risk stratification for coronary artery disease.
- Early identification and management of these risk factors are essential for preventing severe CAD in younger populations.
Abstract:
A total of 124 patients of ischaemic heart disease under 40 years of age (96 with myocardial infarction and 28 with angina) were studied for risk factors of coronary artery disease. Electrocardiogram, treadmill test, lipid profile and coronary arteriography were done in all cases. Smoking (56.4%) and hyperlipidaemia (30.6%) emerged as the major risk factors. Further stratification of lipid profile revealed that predictive value of hypercholesterolaemia could be enhanced by considering the different ratios of lipoproteins and indices of atherogenicity. Coronary arteriography revealed a preponderance of single vessel disease (48.4%)-left anterior descending being most commonly involved (71.8%). Increase in low density lipoprotein fraction was related to multivessel involvement.