Morphological transformation induced by glass fibers in BALB/c-3T3 cells

Studies were conducted to determine whether 1) glass fibers can induce morphological transformation in BALB/c-3T3 cells, 2) the transforming activity of glass fibers is related to fiber size, and 3) transformed cells induced by glass fibers possess neoplastic properties. In the transformation assay, BALB/c-3T3 cells were treated with three different types of glass fibers: Manville code 100 (JM-100, Manville Corp., Denver, CO), Owens-Corning AAA-10 (AAA-10, Owens-Corning Corp., Toledo, OH), and Owens-Corning general building insulation (ISL, Owens-Corning Corp.) fibers. The neoplastic properties were investigated using the soft agar cloning and gene transfection methods. All three different glass fibers were cytotoxic at high concentrations and induced dose-related increases in morphological transformation. The transforming activity was inversely related to fiber size, with AAA-10 showing higher activity than JM-100 and JM-100 showing higher activity than ISL fiber. Transformed cells induced by glass fibers exerted anchorage-independent growth (90%) and DNA transfection-mediated transformation (100%). These results indicate that glass fibers are capable of transforming mammalian (BALB/c-3T3) cells in vitro as a function of their physical properties and that glass fiber-induced transformed cells possess preneoplastic characteristics.