Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

CD4 Th2 cells do not functionally suppress CTL generation in neonatal tolerant mice

Q Gao1, N Chen, E H Field

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA.

Transplantation
|December 15, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Neonatal exposure to alloantigens induces tolerance by shifting immune responses toward Th2 cytokines, blocking the development of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses without active suppression.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Interpretation of expert consensus on primary tumor management for metastatic colorectal cancer (2026 edition)].

Zhonghua wei chang wai ke za zhi = Chinese journal of gastrointestinal surgery·2026
Same author

[IDH-mutant adult-type diffuse gliomas: a clinicopathological analysis of 1 301 cases].

Zhonghua bing li xue za zhi = Chinese journal of pathology·2026
Same author

[Comparison of quantitative smears prepared from EDTA-K<sub>2</sub> anticoagulated bone marrow fluid and traditional bedside direct smears, and the clinical value of their combined use with peripheral blood smears].

Zhonghua yi xue za zhi·2026
Same author

[Three-year survival outcomes of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for local advanced rectal cancer with pMMR: a single-center report of 140 patients from Peking University Cancer Hospital].

Zhonghua wai ke za zhi [Chinese journal of surgery]·2026
Same author

[Analysis of the cause of death after escharotomy and skin grafting with extramedullary plasmacytoma complicated with burn injury：A case report].

Fa yi xue za zhi·2025
Same author

Non-deep simple morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of the rare alpine/subalpline annual Circaeaster agrestis (Circaeasteraceae).

Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany)·2025

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Transplantation Immunology
  • T Cell Biology

Background:

  • Neonatal immune tolerance can be induced by semiallogeneic spleen injections, leading to prolonged skin graft survival.
  • Graft survival correlates with Th2 cytokine responses, while rejection is associated with Th1 responses.
  • Mechanisms underlying neonatal tolerance, particularly T cell responses, require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in neonatal alloantigen-induced tolerance.
  • To determine if enhanced Th2 cytokine production suppresses CTL generation.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms blocking CTL development in neonatally tolerized mice.

Main Methods:

  • Induction of tolerance in BALB/c newborn mice via CAF1 spleen injection.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Assessment of A/J-specific CTL responses using CTL assays and pTc3 frequency analysis.
  • Measurement of cytokine profiles (IL-4, IL-2, IFN-gamma) in mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR).
  • In vitro experiments using neutralizing antibodies for IL-4 and IL-10.
  • Evaluation of CD4 cell-mediated help for CD8 CTL generation.

    • Main Results:

    • 74% of neonatally primed mice failed to generate A/J-specific CTL responses.
    • Neonatal priming induced an enhanced Th2 memory cytokine profile (increased IL-4, decreased IL-2/IFN-gamma) compared to adult-primed or naive controls.
    • Neutralizing Th2 cytokines in vitro did not restore CTL responses, and CD4 cells from neonatally primed mice did not suppress CTL generation.
    • CD4 cells from adult-primed mice could not restore CTL generation in neonatally primed recipients.

    Conclusions:

    • Failure to develop allo-specific CTL responses in neonatal tolerance is not due to active suppression by enhanced Th2 responses.
    • Mechanisms such as deletion or anergy likely block the development of alloreactive CD8 CTL.
    • Neonatal alloantigen exposure induces both a Th2 shift in CD4 cells and a block in CD8 CTL development.