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Related Concept Videos

Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport01:17

Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport

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Pore transport and ion-pair formation are critical mechanisms for the absorption and distribution of drugs in the body.
Pore transport, also known as convective transport, is a process where small molecules like urea, water, and sugars rapidly cross cell membranes as though there were channels or pores in the membrane. Although direct microscopic evidence is limited  but the concept of pores or channels is widely accepted based on physiological evidence. Despite the lack of direct...
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Primary Active Transport01:47

Primary Active Transport

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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
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Secondary Active Transport01:55

Secondary Active Transport

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One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme “pump” embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
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Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

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The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
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Short-distance Transport of Resources02:12

Short-distance Transport of Resources

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Short-distance transport refers to transport that occurs over a distance of just 2-3 cells, crossing the plasma membrane in the process. Small uncharged molecules, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water, can diffuse across the plasma membrane on their own. In contrast, ions and larger molecules require the assistance of transport proteins due to their charge or size. Transport across membranes also occurs within individual cells, playing a variety of essential roles for the plant as a whole.
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Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Innervation of Human Intestinal Organoids
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Human intestinal ion transport in vitro

C L Corbett, P E Isaacs, A K Riley

    Gut
    |February 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study investigated sodium and chloride transport in the human jejunum and ileum using an in vitro method. Active transport of sodium and chloride was observed, with glucose enhancing sodium absorption in both regions.

    Area of Science:

    • Gastroenterology
    • Physiology
    • Molecular Biology

    Background:

    • The human jejunum and ileum play critical roles in nutrient and electrolyte absorption.
    • Understanding ion transport mechanisms is essential for diagnosing and treating gastrointestinal disorders.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the active transport of sodium and chloride across human jejunal and ileal mucosa in vitro.
    • To determine the effect of glucose on ion transport in these intestinal segments.

    Main Methods:

    • In vitro study using human jejunal and ileal mucosal specimens.
    • Utilized specialized Perspex flux chambers with oxygenated buffer solutions.
    • Measured ion fluxes, electrical potential difference, and resistance.

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    Main Results:

    • Evidence for active transport of sodium in both jejunum and ileum.
    • Evidence for active transport of chloride in the ileum.
    • Glucose enhanced sodium absorption in both regions, with a greater effect in the ileum.
    • Net chloride transport was unaffected by glucose.

    Conclusions:

    • Human jejunal and ileal mucosa exhibit active sodium and chloride transport.
    • Glucose significantly influences sodium absorption in the human small intestine.
    • Observed in vitro human intestinal transport mechanisms align with animal studies, suggesting technical rather than species differences explain prior discrepancies.