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Stable chromosome fission associated with rDNA mobility

K J Hall1, J S Parker

  • 1Department of Botany, School of Plant Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, UK.

Chromosome Research : an International Journal on the Molecular, Supramolecular and Evolutionary Aspects of Chromosome Biology
|November 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

A spontaneous chromosome fission in Hypochoeris radicata resulted in new active nucleolus organizing regions (NORs) at the centromeric ends of the derivative chromosomes. This rearrangement likely involved the transposition of ribosomal DNA (rDNA).

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics
  • Cytogenetics
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Chromosome rearrangements can alter gene organization and function.
  • Nucleolus organizing regions (NORs) are crucial for ribosome biogenesis and are often associated with specific chromosomal locations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize a spontaneous chromosome fission event in Hypochoeris radicata.
  • To investigate the location and activity of ribosomal genes in the parental and fission-derived chromosomes.

Main Methods:

  • Feulgen staining to visualize chromosomes.
  • In situ hybridization using an rDNA probe (pTA71) to locate ribosomal genes.
  • Silver staining to identify active NORs.
  • Synaptonemal complex spreading to analyze pachytene configurations.

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Main Results:

  • The parental acrocentric chromosome lacked detectable centromeric ribosomal genes.
  • Both chromosome fission derivatives exhibited active NORs at their centric ends.
  • In fission heterozygotes, ribosomal cistrons formed short arms on telocentric chromosomes, pairing to create a triradial configuration associated with the nucleolus.

Conclusions:

  • The spontaneous chromosome fission in Hypochoeris radicata led to the relocation and activation of NORs.
  • The origin and stabilization of this fission event are proposed to involve the transposition of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) from chromosome 3 to chromosome 1.