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Isolated pericardial effusion: an indication for fetal karyotyping?
1Department of Fetal Cardiology, Guy's and St. Thomas' Trust Hospital, London, UK.
Summary
Isolated fetal pericardial effusion generally has a good outcome. However, a significant number of cases are linked to chromosomal anomalies, including trisomy 21. Fetal karyotyping is recommended for these fetuses.
Area of Science:
- Perinatology
- Fetal Medicine
- Genetics
Background:
- Isolated fetal pericardial effusion is a condition where excess fluid accumulates around the fetal heart.
- Previous studies have varied in their findings regarding the prognosis and associated conditions.
- Antenatal detection of structural abnormalities or rhythm disturbances is crucial for risk assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present the outcomes and associated conditions of isolated fetal pericardial effusion.
- To determine the incidence of chromosomal anomalies in fetuses with isolated pericardial effusion.
- To assess the necessity of fetal karyotyping in these cases.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 35 consecutive cases of isolated fetal pericardial effusion.
- Exclusion of cases with structural abnormalities or rhythm disturbances.
- Karyotyping performed on all included cases.
Main Results:
- The overall outlook for isolated fetal pericardial effusion was favorable.
- 26% of cases were diagnosed with trisomy 21.
- 31% of all cases exhibited some form of chromosomal anomaly.
Conclusions:
- Isolated fetal pericardial effusion typically has a good prognosis.
- There is a high association with chromosomal abnormalities, particularly trisomy 21.
- Fetal karyotyping is strongly recommended for fetuses diagnosed with isolated pericardial effusion.