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NIDDM--the devastating disease

E S Horton1

  • 1Joslin Diabetes Center Harvard Medical School Boston, MA 02215, USA.

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
|August 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is common and rising globally, linked to genetics, obesity, and inactivity. Lifestyle changes and medication can manage or prevent NIDDM and its complications.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is the most prevalent form of diabetes, with rapidly increasing global incidence.
  • NIDDM is a complex condition involving genetic factors, insulin resistance, and impaired pancreatic beta-cell function.
  • Obesity, low physical activity, aging, and conditions like impaired glucose tolerance are significant risk factors for NIDDM development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the understanding of NIDDM's characteristics, risk factors, and management.
  • To highlight the association of NIDDM with other metabolic and cardiovascular conditions.
  • To emphasize the importance of lifestyle interventions and pharmacological treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on NIDDM epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical management.

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  • Analysis of risk factors including genetics, lifestyle, age, and precursor conditions.
  • Evaluation of treatment strategies, encompassing lifestyle modifications and pharmacotherapy.

    • Main Results:

    • NIDDM is a heterogeneous disorder influenced by genetic predisposition and lifestyle factors like obesity and inactivity.
    • NIDDM is strongly linked to the 'insulin resistance syndrome,' increasing risks for cardiovascular disease.
    • Poor glycemic control in NIDDM can lead to severe microvascular complications (retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy).

    Conclusions:

    • Lifestyle interventions (diet, weight control, exercise) are crucial for increasing insulin sensitivity and managing NIDDM.
    • Early identification of risk factors and conditions like impaired glucose tolerance can guide preventive strategies.
    • Pharmacological treatments, including oral agents or insulin, are necessary when lifestyle modifications are insufficient.