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Genetic influence in headaches: a Swedish twin study

B Larsson¹, B Bille, N L Pedersen

¹Centre for Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden.

|October 1, 1995

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Genetic factors significantly influence migraine susceptibility, with higher heritability observed in females compared to males. Environmental factors also play a role, particularly in mixed headache types.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Genetics
Epidemiology

Background:

Migraine is a common neurological disorder with a significant impact on quality of life.
Understanding the genetic and environmental contributions to migraine heritability is crucial for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the heritability of liability to self-reported migraine and non-migrainous headaches.
To examine sex differences in the genetic and environmental influences on migraine.

Main Methods:

Analysis of two large Swedish Twin Registry cohorts (older: 6448 twin pairs; younger: 12,884 twin pairs).
Comparison of concordance rates between monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs for various headache types.
Structural equation model-fitting to estimate genetic and environmental effects.

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Main Results:

Higher concordance rates for lifetime migraine and recurrent disabling migraine were observed in MZ twins compared to DZ twins.
A "mixed" group of possible tension-type or mild migraine headaches also showed higher MZ concordance.
Genetic effects for migraine were stronger in females (49-58%) than in males (39-44%).
Unique nonshared environmental effects were highest for the "mixed" headache group in both sexes (60-69%).

Conclusions:

Migraine liability is significantly heritable, with genetic factors contributing more strongly in females.
Environmental factors, particularly nonshared environmental influences, are also important, especially for less severe or mixed headache types.