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Expectations about arousal and nocturnal panic

M G Craske1, S Freed

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles 90095-1563, USA.

Journal of Abnormal Psychology
|November 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Understanding nocturnal panic (NP) is crucial. Expecting arousal signals as harmless significantly reduced anxiety in NP patients, unlike unexpected signals, supporting cognitive-behavioral models.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Background:

  • Nocturnal panic (NP) attacks are a distressing sleep disorder.
  • The role of expectations and arousal in NP remains incompletely understood.
  • Cognitive-behavioral models suggest psychological factors influence panic experiences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of expectations about arousal on nocturnal panic (NP) attacks.
  • To examine whether perceived harmlessness of arousal cues influences NP symptom severity.
  • To test the cognitive-behavioral model of NP by manipulating threat perception.

Main Methods:

  • Eighteen NP patients and 18 controls were randomly assigned to expected/harmless or unexpected arousal signal conditions.
  • Participants underwent a sleep phase with continuous physiological monitoring.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Subjective anxiety and panic symptoms were assessed after auditory feedback presentation.

    • Main Results:

    • NP patients reported significantly higher anxiety and symptoms when arousal signals were unexpected and not reassured.
    • Control participants did not show significant differences between conditions.
    • Subjective anxiety measures were more consistent than physiological or behavioral data.

    Conclusions:

    • Expectations regarding the harmlessness of arousal cues play a critical role in modulating nocturnal panic.
    • Providing reassurance about arousal signals can mitigate anxiety in NP patients.
    • Findings support the cognitive-behavioral model of nocturnal panic, emphasizing the impact of cognitive appraisals on symptom experience.