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Self-evaluation processes: motives, information use, and self-esteem

H A Wayment1, S E Taylor

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles 90024-1563, USA.

Journal of Personality
|December 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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People use different information sources for self-evaluation, driven by accuracy, self-enhancement, and self-improvement motives. Personal standards are most useful, while low self-esteem individuals rely more on social comparison.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Self-Perception Research

Background:

  • Self-evaluation is guided by accuracy, self-enhancement, and self-improvement motives.
  • Information sources used for self-evaluation can vary and may be moderated by self-esteem levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the frequency and perceived usefulness of different information sources for self-evaluation.
  • To examine how self-esteem influences the choice of self-evaluation strategies in academic and social domains.

Main Methods:

  • Participants assessed eight information types for their utility in meeting self-evaluation motives.
  • Data collected across academic and social life domains.
  • Analysis of self-esteem's moderating role in information source selection.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Personal standards information was used more frequently and deemed most useful for all self-evaluation motives.
  • Individuals with low self-esteem utilized more social comparison, particularly upward comparison, than those with high self-esteem.
  • High self-esteem individuals favored personal standards over social comparison, unlike low self-esteem individuals who used both equally.

Conclusions:

  • Personal standards are a key resource for self-evaluation across different motives.
  • Social comparison plays a significant role for individuals with low self-esteem, potentially indicating less stable self-concepts.
  • Self-esteem significantly moderates the reliance on personal standards versus social comparison for self-evaluation.