Epidemic Shigella dysenteriae type 1 in Natal

Since its first isolation in South Africa in 1994, Shigella dysenteriae type 1 has now spread to cause an epidemic outbreak in Natal Kwazulu, resulting in a steep rise in admissions for dysentery and the haemolytic uraemic syndrome in children. We report on the epidemic as it has evolved so far. A large outbreak is to be expected in South Africa in view of large scale poverty, lack of housing, and adequate water and sanitation, unless urgent public health measures are taken.