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Acute human schistosomiasis mansoni

A Rabello1

  • 1Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou--FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.

Memorias Do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz
|March 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acute schistosomiasis is a toxic disease caused by Schistosoma parasite infection. Early diagnosis and treatment, including steroids for severe cases, are crucial for managing symptoms like fever and organ enlargement.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Parasitology
  • Tropical Medicine
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by Schistosoma worms.
  • Acute schistosomiasis, or Katayama fever, occurs after initial exposure to Schistosoma cercariae.
  • It affects immunologically naive hosts, presenting a distinct clinical syndrome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the clinical presentation and diagnostic methods for acute schistosomiasis.
  • To outline treatment strategies for acute schistosomiasis.
  • To highlight the role of steroids in managing severe manifestations.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis relies on epidemiological data, clinical symptoms (fever, diarrhea, hepatosplenomegaly), and laboratory findings.
  • Detection of Schistosoma eggs in feces and enlarged abdominal lymph nodes via ultrasonography are key.

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  • Serological tests detecting antibodies against keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) aid diagnosis.

    • Main Results:

    • Clinical symptoms appear 2-8 weeks post-exposure.
    • Variable cure rates are observed with specific antiparasitic medications.
    • Steroid therapy effectively reduces systemic and allergic symptoms in severe cases.

    Conclusions:

    • Acute schistosomiasis requires prompt diagnosis based on clinical and laboratory evidence.
    • Antiparasitic drugs are the primary treatment, with steroids indicated for severe presentations.
    • Early intervention improves patient outcomes and reduces disease severity.