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Functional bladder capacity measured during radionuclide cystography in children
S T Treves1, D Zurakowski, S B Bauer
1Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Insights
Functional bladder capacity (FBC) in children increases with age, following a nonlinear curve. Girls and children with reflux tend to have larger FBC, independent of height and weight.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric urology
- Nuclear medicine
- Biostatistics
Background:
- Functional bladder capacity (FBC) is a critical metric in pediatric urology.
- Understanding FBC development is essential for diagnosing and managing bladder dysfunction.
- Direct radionuclide cystography (DRC) is a valuable tool for assessing FBC.
Purpose of the Study:
- To estimate functional bladder capacity (FBC) in children using direct radionuclide cystography (DRC).
- To determine the relationship between FBC and patient age.
- To investigate the association between vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and FBC.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of 5,165 DRC studies in patients aged 0–14 years.
- Development of nonlinear models to estimate FBC based on age.
- Separate analysis for boys and girls, with evaluation of height and weight as predictors.
Main Results:
- A nonlinear power function best describes the relationship between FBC and age.
- Girls and patients with VUR demonstrated significantly larger FBC when age was controlled (P < .01).
- Height and weight did not enhance the accuracy of FBC prediction.
Conclusions:
- FBC in children exhibits a nonlinear, age-dependent growth pattern.
- The observed nonlinear relationship supports the concept of bladder maturation in infants and children.
- Vesicoureteral reflux may be associated with increased FBC in pediatric populations.
Purpose:
To estimate functional bladder capacity (FBC) during direct radionuclide cystography and to assess the relationship between vesicoureteral reflux and FBC.
Materials And Methods:
By using 5,165 direct radionuclide cystograms in patients aged newborn to 14 years, linear and nonlinear models were fit to estimate FBC from age. Analysis was performed on girls and boys separately. In a subgroup, height and weight were evaluated as predictors of FBC. Linear models were used to assess differences in predicted FBC according to sex and reflux status.
Results:
The relationship between FBC and age is best described by a nonlinear power function. Percentiles derived from this model are close to the empiric percentiles of FBC. When controlling for age, girls and patients with reflux had larger bladder capacities (P < .01). Height and weight did not improve FBC prediction accuracy.
Conclusion:
FBC follows a curve with increasing age. The nonlinear relationship between FBC and age appears to be consistent with maturation in infants and children.