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Decrease in red blood cell L-tryptophan uptake in schizophrenic patients: possible link with loss of impulse control

F Serres1, D Dassa, J M Azorin

  • 1INSERM U38, Faculté de médecine, Marseille, France.

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry
|September 1, 1995
PubMed
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Schizophrenic patients show reduced erythrocyte L-tryptophan uptake, impacting serotonin synthesis. This reduced uptake is linked to suicide attempts and loss of impulse control in schizophrenia.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder.
  • Serotonin (5HT) synthesis is crucial for brain function.
  • L-tryptophan (TRP) is a precursor to serotonin.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate erythrocyte L-tryptophan uptake kinetics in neuroleptic-free schizophrenic patients.
  • To explore the relationship between L-tryptophan uptake and clinical factors like suicide attempts and impulse control.

Main Methods:

  • Determined kinetic parameters (Vmax, Km) of erythrocyte L-tryptophan uptake.
  • Compared uptake parameters between 19 schizophrenic patients and 19 healthy controls.
  • Analyzed correlations with suicide attempt history and PANS impulse control scores.

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Main Results:

  • Significantly lower Vmax and Km values for L-tryptophan uptake in schizophrenic patients compared to controls.
  • Lower mean Vmax in patients who attempted suicide.
  • Negative correlation between Vmax and loss of impulse control scores.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced red blood cell L-tryptophan uptake indicates peripheral TRP metabolism disturbance in schizophrenia.
  • This may lead to reduced plasma L-tryptophan availability, affecting central serotonin synthesis.
  • Altered L-tryptophan uptake is associated with impaired impulse control in schizophrenia.