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Related Experiment Videos

Parenting: a genetic-epidemiologic perspective

K S Kendler1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Medical College of Virginia/Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA.

The American Journal of Psychiatry
|January 1, 1996
PubMed
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Parenting behaviors like warmth are influenced by both genetics and environment. Offspring temperament affects how parents behave, with genetic factors playing a larger role in warmth than protectiveness or authoritarianism.

Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Genetics
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Family Studies

Background:

  • Understanding the interplay of genetic and environmental influences on parenting is crucial for comprehending the development of psychopathology.
  • Parenting behaviors encompass the elicitation (child's perception) and provision (parent's action) of care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to parenting behaviors.
  • To examine how genetic and environmental factors influence both the provision and elicitation of parental warmth, protectiveness, and authoritarianism.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Parental Bonding Instrument with a large twin sample (monozygotic and dizygotic pairs).
  • Collected data from parents, twins reporting on received parenting, co-twins reporting on parenting provided to their twin, and twins who were parents reporting on their own parenting.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Employed model fitting to decompose variance into additive genetic factors, common family environment, and unique environmental influences.

    • Main Results:

    • Parents perceived warmth, protectiveness, and authoritarianism as primarily common environmental experiences.
    • Twins' reports indicated significant genetic influence on eliciting parental warmth and moderate genetic influence on protectiveness and authoritarianism.
    • Parental provision of warmth was substantially heritable, while protectiveness and authoritarianism were more influenced by the family environment.

    Conclusions:

    • Parenting provision is shaped by parental attitudes from their family of origin and genetically influenced temperamental characteristics.
    • Parenting elicitation is influenced by offspring's temperamental traits, which are partially under genetic control.
    • Genetic factors exert a stronger influence on parental warmth compared to protectiveness or authoritarianism.