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Related Experiment Videos

The Kell blood group system

C M Redman1, S Lee

  • 1Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York 10021, USA.

Transfusion Clinique Et Biologique : Journal De La Societe Francaise De Transfusion Sanguine
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
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The Kell blood group system involves over 20 antigens on a membrane glycoprotein. Molecular analysis reveals base substitutions causing Kell antigen variations, aiding in identifying pregnancies at risk for hemolytic disease of the newborn.

Area of Science:

  • Immunogenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • The Kell blood group system is characterized by over 20 antigens, some allelic and others independently expressed.
  • Kell antigens are associated with a 93kDa type II membrane glycoprotein encoded by the KEL gene.
  • The Kell protein exhibits homology to zinc-dependent endopeptidases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular basis of Kell blood group antigens.
  • To investigate the genetic organization and expression of Kell antigens.
  • To develop methods for determining fetal Kell genotypes to identify pregnancies at risk for hemolytic disease of the newborn.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular cloning and gene mapping of the KEL gene.
  • Analysis of the Kell gene promoter region for transcription factor binding sites.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Determination of base substitutions responsible for Kell antigen polymorphisms.
  • Development of PCR-based methods for fetal K1/K2 genotyping.

    • Main Results:

    • The KEL gene is located at 7q 32-36 and comprises 19 exons.
    • The K1/K2 polymorphism results from a C to T substitution in exon 6, altering an N-glycosylation site.
    • Single base substitutions in the same codon were confirmed to encode different amino acids for Kpa, Kpb, and Kpc antigens.
    • PCR-based methods enable fetal K1/K2 genotype determination.

    Conclusions:

    • The molecular basis of several Kell antigens involves single amino acid changes due to base substitutions.
    • Developed PCR methods can identify pregnancies at risk for hemolytic disease of the newborn.
    • The allelic relationships of Kpa, Kpb, and Kpc are confirmed at the molecular level.