Quantitative correlation of breast tissue parameters using magnetic resonance and X-ray mammography

Previous investigators have shown that there is a strong association between the fraction of fibroglandular tissue within the breast as determined by X-ray mammography (per cent density) and breast cancer risk. In this study, the quantitative correlation between per cent density and two objective magnetic resonance (MR) parameters of breast tissue, relative water content and mean T2 relaxation time, as investigated for 42 asymptomatic subjects. Using newly developed, rapid techniques MR measurements were performed on a volume-of-interest incorporating equal, representative portions of both breasts. X-ray mammograms of each subject were digitised and analysed semiautomatically to determine per cent density. Relative water content showed a strong positive correlation with per cent density (Pearson correlation coefficient rp = 0.79, P < 0.0001) and mean T2 value showed a strong negative correlation with per cent density (rp = -0.61, P < 0.0001). The MR and X-ray parameters were also associated with sociodemographic and anthropometric risk factors for breast cancer (P < 0.05). The potential use of MR parameters to assess risk of breast cancer and to provide a frequent, non-hazardous monitor of breast parenchyma is discussed.