Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 9, 2026
08:17
Quantitative 3D Imaging of Trypanosoma cruzi-Infected Cells, Dormant Amastigotes, and T Cells in Intact Clarified Organs
Published on: June 23, 2022
Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma with cardiac involvement
1Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA.
The British Journal of Dermatology
|September 1, 1995
Summary
Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma (NXG) patients may develop giant cell myocarditis. Autopsy revealed splenic xanthogranuloma and giant cell myocarditis in a treated NXG patient, highlighting a critical association.
Area of Science:
- Pathology
- Cardiology
- Oncology
Background:
- Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma (NXG) is a rare multisystemic disorder.
- Paraproteinaemia is a common comorbidity in NXG.
- Long-term follow-up and treatment of NXG patients are essential.
Observation:
- A patient diagnosed with NXG and paraproteinaemia was treated with chlorambucil.
- The patient succumbed to a respiratory illness.
- Autopsy revealed significant findings in the spleen and heart.
Findings:
- Autopsy demonstrated a xanthogranuloma within the spleen.
- The heart exhibited extensive giant cell myocarditis.
- Microscopic examination showed myocardial lesions composed of macrophages, giant cells, and lymphocytes.
Implications:
- Giant cell myocarditis is a significant finding in autopsied NXG patients (4 out of 5 cases).
- This association suggests a potential link between NXG and cardiac pathology.
- Antemortem diagnosis of giant cell myocarditis in NXG patients should be prioritized.
Related Concept Videos
01:20Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment
Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which leads...
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which leads...
01:21Myocarditis I: Introduction
Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
01:23Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction
Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
01:29Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
01:29Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
01:22American Trypanosomiasis
Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is a vector-borne parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a flagellated protozoan (kinetoplastid) of the family Trypanosomatidae. The disease is endemic in Latin America, although cases are increasingly reported worldwide due to human migration. Transmission most commonly occurs when feces of infected triatomine bugs contaminate bite wounds or mucosal surfaces; additional routes include congenital, transfusional, transplant-related, and oral...