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Low selenium status in the elderly influences thyroid hormones

O Olivieri1, D Girelli, M Azzini

  • 1Institute of Medical Pathology, University of Verona, Italy.

Clinical Science (London, England : 1979)
|December 1, 1995
PubMed
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Selenium status impacts thyroid hormone levels in older adults, particularly affecting thyroxine (T4) levels. This study investigated selenium

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase, crucial for peripheral triiodothyronine (T3) production, is a selenium-containing enzyme.
  • Aging is associated with reduced peripheral conversion of thyroxine (T4) to T3 and increased risk of hypothyroidism.
  • Selenium status is vital for thyroid hormone metabolism, especially in the elderly population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between selenium status and thyroid hormone levels in healthy euthyroid subjects across different age groups.
  • To assess the effect of selenium supplementation on thyroid hormone profiles in elderly individuals through a double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

Main Methods:

  • Measurement of serum selenium, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity, thyroid hormones (T4, T3), and thyroid-stimulating hormone in 109 healthy subjects.

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  • Dietary records were obtained for a subset of subjects to ensure nutritional status.
  • A double-blind placebo-controlled trial involving 36 elderly subjects in a nursing home was conducted to evaluate selenium supplementation.

    • Main Results:

    • A progressive decline in serum selenium, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity, and the T3/T4 ratio was observed with advancing age.
    • Significant positive correlations were found between selenium levels and the T3/T4 ratio, and negative correlations with T4 levels.
    • Selenium supplementation in the elderly led to improved selenium indices and a significant decrease in T4 levels, unlike the placebo group.

    Conclusions:

    • Selenium status significantly influences thyroid hormone levels in the elderly, primarily by modulating thyroxine (T4) levels.
    • Maintaining adequate selenium levels may be important for thyroid hormone regulation in aging populations.
    • The findings highlight the role of selenium in peripheral thyroid hormone metabolism in older adults.