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Basic mechanisms of asthma

H A Boushey1, J V Fahy

  • 1Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco 94143-0130, USA.

Environmental Health Perspectives
|September 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Asthma is a chronic respiratory illness with persistent bronchial hyperreactivity. Research reveals its complex mechanisms involving immune cells and cytokines, leading to new treatment insights and clarifying current therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pulmonology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Asthma is a significant cause of death, suffering, and economic burden.
  • It is characterized by persistent bronchial hyperreactivity and distinct histopathological changes.
  • Current understanding is evolving based on new epidemiological, physiological, and cellular studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To revise the conception of asthma based on recent scientific findings.
  • To explore the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying asthma.
  • To provide a new perspective on current asthma therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological, physiological, histopathological, and cell biology studies.
  • Analysis of immune cell functions, particularly CD4+ T-helper 2 (Th2) lymphocytes and cytokines.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Examination of airway mucosa and smooth muscle changes.

    • Main Results:

    • Asthma involves epithelial damage, collagen deposition, and inflammatory cell infiltration.
    • A key mechanism appears to be Th2 lymphocyte sensitization, producing cytokines that promote IgE production and activate mast cells and eosinophils.
    • Current therapies, like inhaled corticosteroids, are viewed in light of this new conceptual model.

    Conclusions:

    • A conceptual model of asthma mediated by Th2 lymphocytes and cytokines offers insights into disease mechanisms and treatment.
    • This model helps clarify the role of anti-inflammatory agents.
    • Further research is needed to understand the roles of mast cells and different triggers like viral infections and air toxics.