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Histamine H2 receptors, which are intricately located on the basolateral membrane of parietal cells, play a crucial role in modulating gastric acid secretion. When released from enterochromaffin-like cells, histamine engages H2 receptors, initiating the cyclic AMP (cAMP) pathway. In this pathway, adenylyl cyclase converts ATP into cAMP, elevating intracellular cAMP levels. The activation of protein kinase A follows, stimulating the proton pump. This stimulation prompts the secretion of hydrogen...
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Diarrhea, a condition marked by frequent loose or watery bowel movements, can be triggered by multiple factors such as viral or bacterial infections, food intolerances, anxiety, medications, and digestive disorders. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and cramping. Severe or prolonged diarrhea can lead to complications like electrolyte imbalances, malnutrition, and dehydration if left untreated.
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Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
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Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Murine Colitis Modeling using Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)
08:39

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Published on: January 20, 2010

Ranitidine, diarrhoea, and lymphocytic colitis

L Beaugerie1, N Patey, N Brousse

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, Hôpital Rothschild, Paris, France.

Gut
|November 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Ranitidine use in a patient with chronic diarrhea was linked to lymphocytic colitis. Drug rechallenge confirmed ranitidine

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunopathology

Background:

  • Chronic diarrhea is a common gastrointestinal complaint.
  • Drug-induced colitis is a potential, though uncommon, cause of chronic diarrhea.
  • Lymphocytic colitis is a histological diagnosis characterized by increased intraepithelial lymphocytes.

Observation:

  • A 69-year-old woman presented with chronic diarrhea during ranitidine treatment.
  • Sigmoidoscopy revealed histological features consistent with lymphocytic colitis.
  • Diarrhea resolved upon ranitidine withdrawal and recurred during a subsequent rechallenge period.

Findings:

  • While intraepithelial lymphocyte counts did not significantly differ, immunopathological analysis showed increased HLA-DR expression in rectal epithelium during ranitidine rechallenge.
  • This suggests an immune activation of the rectal mucosa.

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  • The findings indicate a specific immune response to ranitidine.

    • Implications:

    • Ranitidine may induce lymphocytic colitis through an immunopathological mechanism.
    • This case highlights the importance of considering drug-induced causes in chronic diarrhea.
    • Further investigation into ranitidine's immunomodulatory effects on the gut mucosa is warranted.