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Thyroid abnormalities in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus

S Hirschfeld1, L Laue, G B Cutler

  • 1Pediatric Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.

The Journal of Pediatrics
|January 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid abnormalities are common in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and are linked to disease progression. These findings highlight the need for monitoring thyroid function in pediatric HIV patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Thyroid dysfunction is a known complication in various chronic illnesses.
  • Limited data exists on thyroid function specifically in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate thyroid function in children diagnosed with HIV.
  • To identify potential correlations between thyroid dysfunction and the progression of HIV disease in pediatric patients.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed thyroid hormones including total and free thyroxine, triiodothyronine, reverse triiodothyronine, thyrotropin, and thyroxine binding globulin (TBG).
  • Evaluated 167 children aged 1 to 19 years with diagnosed HIV infection.
  • Utilized data from the Pediatric Branch, National Cancer Institute.

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Main Results:

  • 18% of children exhibited free thyroxine levels below the normal range.
  • Elevated thyrotropin and TBG levels were observed in 31% and 30% of children, respectively.
  • An inverse correlation was found between CD4+ cell count and both thyrotropin and TBG levels, indicating a link to disease progression.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid abnormalities are more prevalent in children with HIV than previously recognized.
  • The profile of thyroid dysfunction in pediatric HIV differs from that seen in other chronic diseases.
  • Thyroid function abnormalities in these children correlate with disease progression.