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Related Experiment Videos

Evidence that two present-day components needed for the genetic code appeared after nucleated cells separated from

L Ribas de Pouplana1, M Frugier, C L Quinn

  • 1Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, USA.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|January 9, 1996
PubMed
Summary

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The genetic code

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The genetic code's universality suggests it predates prokaryotic and eukaryotic divergence.
  • Aminoacylation reactions by tRNA synthetases establish trinucleotide/amino acid relationships.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary history of tRNA synthetases.
  • To re-evaluate the timeline of the genetic code's development.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis of tyrosyl- and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetases.
  • Comparative sequence analysis of eukaryotic and prokaryotic synthetases.

Main Results:

  • Eukaryotic tyrosyl- and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetases show closer relationships to each other than to their prokaryotic counterparts.

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  • In contrast, other eukaryotic synthetases are more related to their prokaryotic counterparts.

    • Conclusions:

    • Tyrosyl- and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetases may have evolved after the separation of nucleated cells from eubacteria.
    • These findings suggest a more complex evolutionary path for the genetic code than previously assumed.